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00360932-v:
come into existence through birth
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11083656-n:
a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC - AD 29)
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15179888-n:
a particular but unspecified point in time
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15249096-n:
the time period beginning with the supposed year of Christ's birth
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00208141-n:
the deportation of the Jews to Babylonia by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC
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00516720-n:
the ancient Panhellenic celebration at Olympia in honor of Zeus; held every 4 years beginning in 776 BC
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00518770-n:
the centennial rites and games of ancient Rome that marked the commencement of a new generation (100 years representing the longest life in a generation); observances may have begun as early as the 5th century BC and lasted well into the Christian era
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01268457-n:
the naval battle in which Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by Octavian's fleet under Agrippa in 31 BC
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01268633-n:
islands west of Sicily (now known as the Egadi Islands) where the Romans won a naval victory over the Carthaginians that ended the first Punic War in 241 BC
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01274000-n:
ancient city is southeastern Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans in 216 BC
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01274374-n:
a battle in the Apennines in 321 BC in which the Samnites defeated the Romans
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01276875-n:
battle in 401 BC when the Artaxerxes II defeated his younger brother who tried to usurp the throne
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01283185-n:
a battle in 217 BC in which Hannibal ambushed a Roman army led by Flaminius
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01283753-n:
Thebes defeated Sparta in 371 BC; the battle ended Sparta's military supremacy in Greece
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01285567-n:
one the four wars between Macedonia and Rome in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, which ended in the defeat of Macedonia and its annexation as a Roman province
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01286393-n:
the site of three famous battles among Greek city-states: in 418 BC and 362 BC and 207 BC
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01286569-n:
a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians
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01290711-n:
Caesar defeated Pompey in 48 BC
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01290840-n:
Octavian and Mark Antony defeated Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC
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01291517-n:
a defeat of the Persian army by the Greeks at Plataea in 479 BC
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01292343-n:
a major victory by the Romans over the Macedonians in 168 BC; resulted in the downfall of the ancient Macedonian kingdom
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01297484-n:
a famous battle in 480 BC; a Greek army under Leonidas was annihilated by the Persians who were trying to conquer Greece
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01297978-n:
a battle in central Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans under Flaminius in 217 BC
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01301423-n:
the battle in 202 BC in which Scipio decisively defeated Hannibal at the end of the second Punic War
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01306911-n:
a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta; 431-404 BC
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01307299-n:
one of the three wars between Carthage and Rome that resulted in the destruction of Carthage and its annexation by Rome; 264-241 BC, 218-201 BC, 149-146 BC
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02729060-n:
an ancient Roman road in Italy extending south from Rome to Brindisi; begun in 312 BC
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02744077-n:
the large temple of the Greek goddess Artemis which was begun at Ephesus in 541 BC and completed 220 years later; the temple was destroyed by the Goths in 262
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02762782-a:
of or relating to the period in Jewish history after 539 BC (after the Babylonian Captivity)
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03018971-n:
a fortification 1,500 miles long built across northern China in the 3rd century BC; it averages 6 meters in width
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03073016-n:
a huge bronze statue of the sun god Helios that was built around 285 BC and that stood beside the harbor entrance on the island of Rhodes for about 50 years before it was toppled by an earthquake
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03356670-n:
an ancient Roman road in Italy built by Gaius Flaminius in 220 BC; extends north from Rome to cisalpine Gaul
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03491491-n:
a terraced garden at Babylon watered by pumps from the Euphrates; construction attributed to Nebuchadnezzar around 600 BC
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03732252-n:
a white marble mausoleum 140 feet high built in 352 BC at Halicarnassus as a memorial to a king; destroyed in 1402
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03893732-n:
the main temple of the goddess Athena; built on the acropolis in Athens more than 400 years B.C.; example of Doric architecture
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04029125-n:
a massive monument with a square base and four triangular sides; begun by Cheops around 2700 BC as royal tombs in ancient Egypt
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04408330-n:
any of three successive temples in Jerusalem that served as the primary center for Jewish worship; the first temple contained the Ark of the Covenant and was built by Solomon in the 10th century BC and destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC; the second was built in 515 BC and the third was an enlargement by Herod the Great in 20 BC that was destroyed by the Romans during a Jewish revolt in AD 70; all that remains is the Wailing Wall
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04461148-n:
a great lighthouse (500 feet high) built at Alexandria in 285 BC
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06239655-n:
religion founded in the 6th century BC as a revolt against Hinduism; emphasizes asceticism and immortality and transmigration of the soul; denies existence of a perfect or supreme being
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06244149-n:
system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster; set forth in the Zend-Avesta; based on concept of struggle between light (good) and dark (evil)
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06351888-n:
an alphabetical (or perhaps syllabic) script used since the 9th century BC to write the Aramaic language; many other scripts were subsequently derived from it
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06361934-n:
an undeciphered writing system used in Crete in the 17th century B.C.
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06362059-n:
a syllabic script used in Greece in the 13th century B.C.
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06405891-n:
a part of an inscribed granite stela that was originally about six feet tall and was set up in 196 BC; the inscriptions in hieroglyphics and Demotic and Greek gave the first clues to the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphics
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06431156-n:
(Hinduism) the sacred `song of God' composed about 200 BC and incorporated into the Mahabharata (a Sanskrit epic); contains a discussion between Krishna and the Indian hero Arjuna on human nature and the purpose of life
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06435651-n:
the first of two Old Testament books telling the history of Judah and Israel until the return from the Babylonian Captivity in 536 BC
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06435916-n:
the second of two Old Testament books telling the history of Judah and Israel until the return from the Babylonian Captivity in 536 BC
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06436183-n:
an Old Testament book telling of a rabbi's efforts in the 5th century BC to reconstitute Jewish law and worship in Jerusalem after the Babylonian Captivity
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06436443-n:
an Old Testament book telling how a Jewish official at the court of Artaxerxes I in 444 BC became a leader in rebuilding Jerusalem after the Babylonian Captivity
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06437531-n:
an Old Testament book consisting of reflections on the vanity of human life; is traditionally attributed to Solomon but probably was written about 250 BC
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06438477-n:
an Old Testament book lamenting the desolation of Judah after the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC; traditionally attributed to the prophet Jeremiah
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06460524-n:
an Apocryphal book consisting mainly of a meditation on wisdom; although ascribed to Solomon it was probably written in the first century BC
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06461406-n:
52 texts written between 200 BC and AD 200 but ascribed to various prophets and kings in the Hebrew scriptures; many are apocalyptic in nature
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06465008-n:
a Veda consisting of a collection of Hindu poems dating from before 2000 BC
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(rgloss)
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06465780-n:
Vedic texts from the fifth and fourth centuries BC dealing with phonetics and ritual injunctions and linguistics and grammar and etymology and lexicography and prosody and astronomy and astrology
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(rgloss)
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06498569-n:
a Semitic alphabet used since the 5th century BC for writing the Hebrew language (and later for writing Yiddish and Ladino)
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06941644-n:
the family of languages that by 1000 BC were spoken throughout Europe and in parts of southwestern and southern Asia
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06962954-n:
the oldest recorded Latin (dating back at early as the 6th century B.C.)
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06973092-n:
any of the vernacular Indic languages of north and central India (as distinguished from Sanskrit) recorded from the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD
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06990000-n:
the ancient and now extinct language of Egypt under the Pharaohs; written records date back to 3000 BC
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07331932-n:
the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel; from the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in 587-86 BC when they were exiled to Babylonia up to the present time
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08098192-n:
sect founded in the 6th century BC as a revolt against Hinduism
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08154703-n:
imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization
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08156948-n:
an ancient dynasty of Macedonian kings who ruled Egypt from 323 BC to 30 BC; founded by Ptolemy I and ended with Cleopatra
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08158314-n:
the imperial dynasty ruling China from about the 18th to the 12th centuries BC
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08160808-n:
the ancient Greek inhabitants of Doris who entered Greece from the north about 1100 BC
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08290435-n:
the bronze-age culture of mainland Greece that flourished 2500-1100 BC
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08290616-n:
the bronze-age culture of the Indus valley that flourished from about 2600-1750 BC
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08290763-n:
the bronze-age culture of Crete that flourished 3000-1100 BC
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08290928-n:
the Bronze Age civilization on the Cyclades islands in the southern Aegean Sea that flourished 3000-1100 BC
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08291157-n:
the late bronze-age culture of Mycenae that flourished 1400-1100 BC
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08373055-n:
the ten Tribes of Israel that were deported into captivity in Assyria around 720 BC (leaving only the tribes of Judah and Benjamin)
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08479407-n:
the imperial dynasty of China from 1122 to 221 BC; notable for the rise of Confucianism and Taoism
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08503921-n:
an ancient country in northwestern Asia Minor in what is now Turkey; was absorbed into the Roman Empire by the end of the 1st century BC
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08504151-n:
an ancient city in Bithynia; founded in the 4th century BC and flourished under the Romans; the Nicene Creed was adopted there in 325
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08644552-n:
the boundary in ancient times between Italy and Gaul; Caesar's crossing it with his army in 49 BC was an act of war
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08729452-n:
a city of central China; capital of ancient Chinese empire 221-206 BC
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08783812-n:
a Greek island in the southeast Aegean Sea 10 miles off the Turkish coast; the largest of the Dodecanese; it was colonized before 1000 BC by Dorians from Argos; site of the Colossus of Rhodes
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08784104-n:
an ancient coastal region of northwestern Asia Minor (including Lesbos) where the Aeolians founded several cities around 1100 BC
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08784333-n:
the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean; site of the Minoan civilization that reached its peak in 1600 BC
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08784581-n:
an ancient town on Crete where Bronze Age culture flourished from about 2000 BC to 1400 BC
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08786660-n:
an ancient city in southeastern Greece; dominated the Peloponnese in the 7th century BC
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08787240-n:
an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess; the dominant city of the Peloponnesus prior to the 4th century BC
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08787466-n:
an ancient area on the Ionian Sea that flourished as a kingdom in the 3rd century BC; located in northwestern Greece and southern Albania
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08788004-n:
an ancient region on the coast of western Asia Minor; a powerful kingdom until conquered by the Persians in 546 BC
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08788588-n:
a port city in western Greece in the northwestern Peloponnese on an inlet of the Ionian Sea; was a major trade center from the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC; commercial importance revived during the Middle Ages
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08789076-n:
an ancient Greek city in Boeotia destroyed by Alexander the Great in 336 BC
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08789447-n:
a former town in Boeotia; site of a battle between the Greeks and Persians in 479 BC
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08790199-n:
the fields in Thessaly where in 197 BC the Romans defeated the Macedonians
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08790495-n:
the southern peninsula of Greece; dominated by Sparta until the 4th century BC
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08792295-n:
an ancient kingdom of the Hebrew tribes at the southeastern end of the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Saul around 1025 BC and destroyed by the Assyrians in 721 BC
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08799462-n:
an ancient city in central Palestine founded in the 9th century BC as the capital of the northern Hebrew kingdom of Israel; the site is in present-day northwestern Jordan
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08799958-n:
the ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC; was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil wars that culminated in a brief dictatorship by Julius Caesar
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08800258-n:
an empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the eastern or Byzantine Empire; at its peak lands in Europe and Africa and Asia were ruled by ancient Rome
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08801678-n:
a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD
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08810051-n:
a city in southeastern Sicily that was founded by Corinthians in the 8th century BC
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08813807-n:
an ancient country in central Italy; assimilated by the Romans by about 200 BC
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08897065-n:
a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC
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08899776-n:
an ancient Egyptian city on the Nile River that flourished from the 22nd century BC to the 18th century BC; today the archeological remains include many splendid temples and tombs
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08912842-n:
an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC
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08917503-n:
an ancient kingdom in southern Mesopotamia; Babylonia conquered Israel in the 6th century BC and exiled the Jews to Babylon (where Daniel became a counselor to the king)
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(rgloss)
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08917881-n:
an ancient region of Mesopotamia lying between the Euphrates delta and the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Desert; settled in 1000 BC and destroyed by the Persians in 539 BC; reached the height of its power under Nebuchadnezzar II
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08918248-n:
an area in the southern region of Babylonia in present-day Iraq; site of the Sumerian civilization of city-states that flowered during the third millennium BC
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08958535-n:
an ancient Mediterranean seaport that was a thriving city state in Phoenicia during the second millennium BC; was the chief port for the export of papyrus; located in Lebanon to the north of Beirut; now partially excavated
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08960099-n:
the capital and chief port and largest city of Libya; in northwestern Libya on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by the Phoenicians in the 7th century BC
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08978821-n:
an ancient kingdom in Asia to the southeast of the Caspian Sea; it dominated southwestern Asia from about 250 BC to AD 226
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09177647-n:
an ancient area of Eurasia extending from the Black Sea to the Aral Sea that was populated by Scythians from the eighth to the fourth century BC
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09188894-n:
a creek emptying into the Hellespont in present-day Turkey; at its mouth in 405 BC the Spartan fleet under Lysander defeated the Athenians and ended the Peloponnesian War
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(rgloss)
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09640577-n:
a member of an ancient people who ruled Babylonia between 1600 and 1200 BC
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09640715-n:
a member of an ancient warlike people living in Elam east of Babylonia as early as 3000 BC
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09640859-n:
a member of an ancient Semitic people who dominated trade in the first millennium B.C.
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09649067-n:
a member of an early Mesoamerican civilization centered around Veracruz that flourished between 1300 and 400 BC
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09688596-n:
a native or inhabitant of Galatia in Asia Minor (especially a member of a people believed to have been Gauls who conquered Galatia in the 3rd century BC)
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(rgloss)
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09709916-n:
a Cretan who lived in the bronze-age culture of Crete about 3000-1100 BC
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09716643-n:
a native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria; the Etruscans influenced the Romans (who had suppressed them by about 200 BC)
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(rgloss)
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09717233-n:
a member of an ancient Oscan-speaking people of the central Apennines north of Rome who were conquered and assimilated into the Roman state in 290 BC
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(rgloss)
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09803060-n:
a member of one of a group of Semitic peoples inhabiting Aram and parts of Mesopotamia from the 11th to the 8th century BC
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(rgloss)
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09915434-n:
Egyptian Pharaoh of the 27th century BC who commissioned the Great Pyramid at Giza
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(rgloss)
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10178464-n:
a member of an ancient people who inhabited Anatolia and northern Syria about 2000 to 1200 BC
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(rgloss)
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10422871-n:
a member of an Aegean people who settled ancient Philistia around the 12th century BC
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10625099-n:
any of a group of Greek philosophers and teachers in the 5th century BC who speculated on a wide range of subjects
|
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(rgloss)
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10828990-n:
Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)
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(rgloss)
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10958703-n:
Greek philosopher who taught that all matter is composed of particles of fire and water and air and earth (fifth century BC)
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10964520-n:
a Hebrew prophet of the 6th century BC who was exiled to Babylon in 587 BC
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(rgloss)
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11047333-n:
Greek poet whose existing works describe rural life and the genealogies of the gods and the beginning of the world (eighth century BC)
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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11051376-n:
Greek astronomer and mathematician who discovered the precession of the equinoxes and made the first known star chart and is said to have invented trigonometry (second century BC)
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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11093848-n:
Jewish leader of a revolt in Judea that recovered Jerusalem around 166 BC; hero of the Apocryphal books I Maccabees and II Maccabees (?-161 BC)
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(rgloss)
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11150973-n:
a Hebrew minor prophet of the 5th century BC
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(rgloss)
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11159595-n:
Roman poet noted for epigrams (first century BC)
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(rgloss)
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11199137-n:
a Hebrew minor prophet of the 7th century BC
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(rgloss)
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11253097-n:
any of 12 kings of ancient Egypt between 1315 and 1090 BC
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(rgloss)
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11253248-n:
king of Egypt between 1304 and 1237 BC who built many monuments
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(rgloss)
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11291575-n:
Macedonian general who accompanied Alexander the Great into Asia; founded a line of kings who reigned in Asia Minor until 65 BC (358-281 BC)
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(rgloss)
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11337331-n:
a presocratic Greek philosopher and astronomer (who predicted an eclipse in 585 BC) who was said by Aristotle to be the founder of physical science; he held that all things originated in water (624-546 BC)
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(rgloss)
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11338667-n:
Greek poet who is said to have originated Greek tragedy (sixth century BC)
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11353847-n:
Pharaoh of Egypt around 1358 BC; his tomb was discovered almost intact by Howard Carter in 1922
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(rgloss)
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11357879-n:
Irish prelate who deduced from the Bible that Creation occurred in the year 4004 BC (1581-1656)
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(rgloss)
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11405319-n:
a Hebrew minor prophet of the late 6th century BC
|
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(rgloss)
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11406023-n:
a Hebrew minor prophet of the late 7th century BC
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
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15173830-n:
the lunar calendar in use in ancient Rome; replaced by the Julian calendar in 46 BC
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
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15174885-n:
the solar calendar introduced in Rome in 46 b.c. by Julius Caesar and slightly modified by Augustus, establishing the 12-month year of 365 days with each 4th year having 366 days and the months having 31 or 30 days except for February
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
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15177866-n:
(Judaism) the calendar used by the Jews; dates from 3761 BC (the assumed date of the Creation of the world); a lunar year of 354 days is adjusted to the solar year by periodic leap years
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(rgloss)
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15199033-n:
(Judaism) an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem in 165 BC
|
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(rgloss)
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15204720-n:
one of the four-year intervals between Olympic Games; used to reckon time in ancient Greece for twelve centuries beginning in 776 BC
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(rgloss)
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15232406-n:
second part of the Stone Age beginning about 750,00 to 500,000 years BC and lasting until the end of the last ice age about 8,500 years BC
|
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(rgloss)
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15232899-n:
the time period of Neanderthal man; ended about 35,000 years BC
|
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(rgloss)
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15233047-n:
the time period during which only modern Homo sapiens was known to have existed; ended about 10,000 years BC
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(rgloss)
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15233411-n:
latest part of the Stone Age beginning about 10,000 BC in the Middle East (but later elsewhere)
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