Hyperonyms
(has_hyperonym)
|
00004258-n:
a living (or once living) entity
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
01313888-n:
a cell or organism in which genetic recombination has occurred
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
01459664-n:
any cell resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
01907149-n:
any cell or one-celled organism equipped with a flagellum
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05229622-n:
any of several elongated, threadlike cells (especially a muscle fiber or a nerve fiber)
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05242752-n:
specialized cells in the liver that destroy bacteria, foreign proteins, and worn-out blood cells
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05268383-n:
a cell that produces insulin in the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05430628-n:
any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive cells; a cell that does not participate in the production of gametes
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05431402-n:
a mass of undifferentiated cells from which an organ or body part develops
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05431926-n:
(genetics) the diploid cell resulting from the union of a haploid spermatozoon and ovum (including the organism that develops from that cell)
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05432623-n:
a cell resulting from parthenogenesis
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05447757-n:
a cell of an embryo
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05449538-n:
a cell without a nucleus (as an erythrocyte)
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05456732-n:
a spermatozoon or an ovum; a cell responsible for transmitting DNA to the next generation
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05458412-n:
an immature animal or plant cell that develops into a gamete by meiosis
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05458703-n:
a small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05459457-n:
a cell in the testes that secretes the hormone testosterone
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
05459590-n:
elongated cells found in the seminiferous tubules of the testis; apparently they nourish the spermatids
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
11530149-n:
a cell that is a structural and functional unit of a plant
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
11688378-n:
primitive cell or group of cells from which a mother cell develops
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
11688552-n:
a cell formed by the division or budding of another cell
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
11688750-n:
cell from which another cell of an organism (usually of a different sort) develops
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
13092385-n:
one of a string of thick walled vegetative resting cells formed by some algae and fungi
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
13092548-n:
a body that resembles a spore but is not an endospore; produced by some bacteria
|
Hyponyms
(has_hyponym)
|
80000333-n:
|
Holonyms
(has_holo_part)
|
00004475-n:
a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently
|
Meronyms
(has_mero_part)
|
05312782-n:
a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell; proteins in the membrane control passage of ions (like sodium or potassium or calcium) in and out of the cell
|
Meronyms
(has_mero_part)
|
05431585-n:
a biological unit consisting of a nucleus and the body of cytoplasm with which it interacts
|
Meronyms
(has_mero_part)
|
05432948-n:
the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus; is full of proteins that control cell metabolism
|
Meronyms
(has_mero_part)
|
05434927-n:
a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
|
Meronyms
(has_mero_part)
|
05445668-n:
a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ
|
Meronyms
(has_mero_part)
|
05447087-n:
a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell
|
Related
(has_pertainym)
|
02685299-a:
relating to cells
|
Related
(has_pertainym)
|
02685539-a:
located or occurring outside a cell or cells
|
Related
(has_pertainym)
|
02685946-a:
located between cells
|
Related
(has_pertainym)
|
02686159-a:
located or occurring within a cell or cells
|
Related
(has_pertainym)
|
02820395-a:
having or consisting of a single cell
|
Related
(related_to)
|
00327031-a:
characterized by or divided into or containing cells or compartments (the smallest organizational or structural unit of an organism or organization)
|
Related
(related_to)
|
02685299-a:
relating to cells
|
Domain
(category)
|
06037666-n:
the science that studies living organisms
|
Domain
(category_term)
|
02818402-a:
having the ability to give rise to unlike cells
|
Glosses
(gloss)
|
00004475-n:
a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently
|
Glosses
(gloss)
|
00015388-n:
a living organism characterized by voluntary movement
|
Glosses
(gloss)
|
00017222-n:
(botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion
|
Glosses
(gloss)
|
02448185-v:
create (as an entity)
|
Glosses
(gloss)
|
02603699-v:
have an existence, be extant
|
Glosses
(gloss)
|
02949275-a:
relating to or concerned with the morphology of plants and animals
|
Glosses
(gloss)
|
05267345-n:
part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00045356-a:
(of illness) marked by gradual deterioration of organs and cells along with loss of function
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00069295-v:
generate and separate from cells or bodily fluids
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00088972-v:
infect (an infected cell) further or infect a cell already containing similar organisms
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00098529-a:
(of exocrine glands) producing a secretion in which part of the secreting cell is released with the secretion
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00098736-a:
(of exocrine glands) producing a clear aqueous secretion without releasing part of the secreting cell; important in regulating body temperature
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00176756-v:
remove the nucleus from (a cell)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00328401-a:
having a single cell (and thus not divided into cells)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00382010-v:
change (a bacterial cell) into a genetically distinct cell by the introduction of DNA from another cell of the same or closely related species
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00399030-n:
(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00555117-a:
(of an organ or body part) excessively enlarged as a result of increased size in the constituent cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00577839-v:
make (cells) more susceptible to the action of phagocytes
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00585597-a:
capable of forming new cells and tissues
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00638243-n:
a general term for the research activity that creates a copy of some biological entity (a gene or organism or cell)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00638770-n:
moving a cell nucleus and its genetic material from one cell to another
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00639007-n:
nuclear transplantation of a patient's own cells to make an oocyte from which immune-compatible cells (especially stem cells) can be derived for transplant
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00830811-n:
the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
00862859-n:
movement by a cell or organism in reaction to a chemical stimulus
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01003435-n:
the study of chemical compounds inside a cell by means of a cytophotometer
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01146993-n:
the act of confining prisoners to their cells (usually to regain control during a riot)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01147433-a:
of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01147622-a:
of a cell or organism having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01147836-a:
of a cell or organism having more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01148086-a:
of a cell or organism having three complete sets of chromosomes
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01168315-a:
of or relating to or causing pathological changes in cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01175939-a:
of or relating to or characterized by greatly enlarged cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01319932-n:
(genetics) an organism or cell having a diploid set of chromosomes from each parent
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01320093-n:
(genetics) an organism or cell having the normal amount of DNA per cell; i.e., two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01320314-n:
(genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01320479-n:
(genetics) an organism or cell having a chromosome number that is not an even multiple of the haploid chromosome number for that species
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01320692-n:
(genetics) an organism or cell having more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01328702-n:
(virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01350994-n:
a bacterial cell intermediate in morphology between a coccus and a bacillus; a very short bacillus
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01354869-n:
one-celled monerans having simple cells with rigid walls and (in motile types) flagella
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01357156-n:
spindle-shaped bacterial cell especially one swollen at the center by an endospore
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01395254-n:
a protozoan with a microscopic appendage extending from the surface of the cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01408547-n:
type genus of the family Ulvaceae; green seaweed having a thallus two cells thick: sea lettuce
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01415626-n:
an organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria; i.e. an organism with `good' or membrane-bound nuclei in its cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01415920-n:
a unicellular organism having cells lacking membrane-bound nuclei; bacteria are the prime example but also included are blue-green algae and actinomycetes and mycoplasma
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01422450-n:
a cell that arises from the asexual division of a parent sporozoan during its life cycle
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01427399-n:
parasite of arthropods and fishes that invade and destroy host cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01458105-n:
a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell; provides locomotion in free-swimming unicellular organisms
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01459480-n:
a layer of cells on the inside of the blastula
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01459664-n:
any cell resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01461646-n:
early stage of an embryo produced by cleavage of an ovum; a liquid-filled sphere whose wall is composed of a single layer of cells; during this stage (about eight days after fertilization) implantation in the wall of the uterus occurs
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01462544-n:
double-walled stage of the embryo resulting from invagination of the blastula; the outer layer of cells is the ectoderm and the inner layer differentiates into the mesoderm and endoderm
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01463259-n:
thin structure composed of a single thickness of cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01463519-n:
(embryology) any of the 3 layers of cells differentiated in embryos following gastrulation
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01895850-n:
layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle in e.g. arthropods
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01902132-n:
hairlike structure especially on the surface of a cell or microorganism
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01906328-n:
multicellular organisms having less-specialized cells than in the Metazoa; comprises the single phylum Porifera
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01907149-n:
any cell or one-celled organism equipped with a flagellum
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
01908703-n:
multicellular animals having cells differentiated into tissues and organs and usually a digestive cavity and nervous system
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02214499-n:
any of various solitary wasps that construct vase-shaped cells of mud for their eggs
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02216365-n:
wasp that constructs mud cells on a solid base in which females place eggs laid in paralyzed insect larvae
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02332954-n:
a mouse with a genetic defect that prevents them from growing hair and also prevents them from immunologically rejecting human cells and tissues; widely used in preclinical trials
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02480151-a:
divided into or containing two cells or chambers
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02595829-a:
denoting or relating to cells or tissues from individuals belonging to the same species but genetically dissimilar (and hence immunologically incompatible)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02596059-a:
denoting or relating to cells or tissues from individuals belonging to different species
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02639590-a:
of or relating to the cells in a sporangium that give rise to spores
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02646215-a:
of or relating to or containing large star-shaped cells in the neuroglia
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02684789-n:
(biochemistry) a drug that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02685299-a:
relating to cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02685539-a:
located or occurring outside a cell or cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02685946-a:
located between cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02686159-a:
located or occurring within a cell or cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02708506-a:
of or relating to cytolysis, the dissolution or destruction of a cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02708649-a:
of or relating to the study of cells by means of a cytophotometer
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02709599-a:
of or relating to the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following the division of the nucleus
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02709917-a:
of or relating to substances that are toxic to cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02802341-a:
capable of being stained (especially of cells and cell parts)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02818402-a:
having the ability to give rise to unlike cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02820395-a:
having or consisting of a single cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02821875-a:
formed into or containing one or more vacuoles or small membrane-bound cavities within a cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02845379-a:
of or relating to cilia projecting from the surface of a cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02859974-a:
having cells with `good' or membrane-bound nuclei
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02860183-a:
having cells that lack membrane-bound nuclei
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
02862629-a:
of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of a cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
03012477-a:
of or pertaining to large bone marrow cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
03078076-a:
of or relating to the division of the nucleus of a cell during mitosis or meiosis
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
03101227-a:
beyond or distal to a ganglion (referring especially to the unmyelinated fibers that originate from cells in autonomic ganglia)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
03157751-n:
a photometer that can be used to locate and identify chemical compounds in a cell by measuring the intensity of the light that passes through stained sections of the cytoplasm
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
03157987-n:
any drug that has a toxic effect on cells; commonly used in chemotherapy to inhibit the proliferation of cancerous cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
03579137-n:
an antiviral protein produced by cells that have been invaded by a virus; inhibits replication of the virus
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
04517535-n:
immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
04944710-n:
(cytology) the capacity of cells or cell parts to stain specifically with certain dyes
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
04944910-n:
the tendency of cells to stain with basic dyes
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05114652-n:
temporary oxygen shortage in cells resulting from strenuous exercise
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05214976-n:
the ability of a cell to give rise to unlike cells and so to develop a new organism or part
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05229468-n:
a threadlike structure (as a chainlike series of cells)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05240522-n:
an epithelium of mesoblastic origin; a thin layer of flattened cells that lines the inside of some body cavities
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05241072-n:
any of the cells making up the skin
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05241218-n:
any of the cells making up the epidermis
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05241485-n:
a cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05241662-n:
a cell in the germinal layer of the skin (the prickle-cell layer); has many spines and radiating processes
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05242752-n:
specialized cells in the liver that destroy bacteria, foreign proteins, and worn-out blood cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05243077-n:
the outermost layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells that slough off
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05243435-n:
the layer of epidermis just under the stratum corneum or (on the palms and soles) just under the stratum lucidum; contains cells (with visible granules) that die and move to the surface
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05266239-n:
a sample of secretions and superficial cells of the uterine cervix and uterus; examined with a microscope to detect any abnormal cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05267345-n:
part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05268383-n:
a cell that produces insulin in the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05268797-n:
tissue between the cells of a structure or part in plant or animal
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05286536-n:
tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligaments
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05289057-n:
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05296968-n:
an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05312782-n:
a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell; proteins in the membrane control passage of ions (like sodium or potassium or calcium) in and out of the cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05333467-n:
a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05398298-n:
liquid found between the cells of the body that provides much of the liquid environment of the body
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05400860-n:
the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05400978-n:
the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05401096-n:
the blood group whose red cells carry both the A and B antigens
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05401229-n:
the blood group whose red cells carry neither the A nor B antigens
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05401411-n:
the blood group (approximately 85% of people) whose red cells have the Rh factor (Rh antigen)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05401587-n:
the blood group whose red cells lack the Rh factor (Rh antigen)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05404728-n:
a functionally specialized substance (especially one that is not a waste) released from a gland or cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05410646-n:
hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation of sugar in cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05413647-n:
hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05426243-n:
a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plants
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05430628-n:
any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive cells; a cell that does not participate in the production of gametes
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05431177-n:
a cell that is part of tumor
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05431285-n:
a cell that is part of a malignant tumor
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05431402-n:
a mass of undifferentiated cells from which an organ or body part develops
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05431926-n:
(genetics) the diploid cell resulting from the union of a haploid spermatozoon and ovum (including the organism that develops from that cell)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05432623-n:
a cell resulting from parthenogenesis
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05432736-n:
the substance of a living cell (including cytoplasm and nucleus)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05432948-n:
the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus; is full of proteins that control cell metabolism
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05433400-n:
the intact cytoplasmic content of a cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05433496-n:
a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05433953-n:
the inner portion of the cytoplasm of a cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05434053-n:
the clear nongranular portion of the cytoplasm of a cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05434203-n:
an organelle found in the cytoplasm of most cells (especially in leukocytes and liver and kidney cells)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05434557-n:
a netlike structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells (especially in those cells that produce secretions)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05434784-n:
the protoplasm that constitutes the nucleus of a cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05434927-n:
a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05435855-n:
chromatin found only in female cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05440410-n:
a gene that disposes normal cells to change into cancerous tumor cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05443966-n:
any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; appear in pairs in body cells but as single chromosomes in spermatozoa
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05445668-n:
a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05446006-n:
star-shaped structure formed in the cytoplasm of a cell having fibers like rays that surround the centrosome during mitosis
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05446181-n:
one of a pair of small cylindrical cell organelles near the nucleus in animal cells; composed of nine triplet microtubules and form the asters during mitosis
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05446394-n:
an organelle in the cytoplasm of a living cell; they attach to mRNA and move down it one codon at a time and then stop until tRNA brings the required amino acid; when it reaches a stop codon it falls apart and releases the completed protein molecule for use by the cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05447087-n:
a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05447599-n:
a cell that is part of a bone
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05447757-n:
a cell of an embryo
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05448053-n:
a cell from which tooth enamel develops
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05448149-n:
a cell from which bone develops
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05448257-n:
a nucleated cell in bone marrow from which red blood cells develop
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05448400-n:
a cell from which connective tissue develops
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05448501-n:
a cell from which a nerve cell develops
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05448928-n:
a large bone marrow cell; regarded as the source of blood platelets
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05449073-n:
cell that functions in the breakdown and resorption of bone tissue
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05449268-n:
either of two types of cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) and sometimes including platelets
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05449538-n:
a cell without a nucleus (as an erythrocyte)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05450888-n:
a cell that engulfs and digests debris and invading microorganisms
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05451981-n:
a small lymphocyte developed in the thymus; it orchestrates the immune system's response to infected or malignant cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05452204-n:
T cell with CD4 receptor that recognizes antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and secretes lymphokines that stimulate B cells and killer T cells; helper T cells are infected and killed by the AIDS virus
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05452516-n:
T cell with CD8 receptor that recognizes antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and binds to the infected cell and kill it
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05452845-n:
a cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen; found in bone marrow and sometimes in the blood
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05455912-n:
one of the cells of the retina that is sensitive to light
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05456257-n:
a visual receptor cell in the retina that is sensitive to bright light and to color
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05456456-n:
a visual receptor cell that is sensitive to dim light
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05456622-n:
cells composed of fat
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05458703-n:
a small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05459232-n:
an elongated contractile cell that forms the muscles of the body
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05459457-n:
a cell in the testes that secretes the hormone testosterone
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05459590-n:
elongated cells found in the seminiferous tubules of the testis; apparently they nourish the spermatids
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05459769-n:
an elongated contractile cell in striated muscle tissue
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05460759-n:
cells of the smooth muscles
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05461349-n:
a widely distributed system consisting of all the cells able to ingest bacteria or colloidal particles etc, except for certain white blood cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05465071-n:
any cell that covers the nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system and forms the myelin sheath
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05465567-n:
a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05466244-n:
a large densely branching neuron that is the characteristic cell of the cerebellar cortex
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05467054-n:
sustentacular tissue that surrounds and supports neurons in the central nervous system; glial and neural cells together compose the tissue of the central nervous system
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05467432-n:
a cell of the neuroglia
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05467922-n:
star-shaped cells with long processes; found in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05468351-n:
a cell of the microglia that may become phagocytic and collect waste products of nerve tissue
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05468739-n:
a cell of the oligodendroglia
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05468849-n:
long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05469861-n:
short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05470013-n:
a hybrid cell resulting from the fusion of a lymphocyte and a tumor cell; used to culture a specific monoclonal antibody
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05483388-n:
greyish nervous tissue containing cell bodies as well as fibers; forms the cerebral cortex consisting of unmyelinated neurons
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05485314-n:
cell clusters in the pancreas that form the endocrine part of that organ; secrete insulin and other hormones
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05501485-n:
any fine network (especially one in the body composed of cells or blood vessels)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05501932-n:
any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05507756-n:
a plexus of unmyelinated fibers and postganglionic autonomic cell bodies in the muscular coat of the esophagus and stomach and intestines
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05518094-n:
any small spherical group of cells containing a cavity
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05582305-n:
the body substance in which tissue cells are embedded
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05605762-n:
a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei and enclosed in a membrane but no internal cell boundaries (as in muscle fibers)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05607602-n:
a large connective tissue cell that contains histamine and heparin and serotonin which are released in allergic reactions or in response to injury or inflammation
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05607863-n:
an undifferentiated cell whose daughter cells may differentiate into other cell types (such as blood cells)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05608206-n:
any cell that has a specific receptor for an antigen or antibody or hormone or drug, or is the focus of contact by a virus or phagocyte or nerve fiber etc.
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
05743296-n:
a method of examining stained cells in a cervical smear for early diagnosis of uterine cancer
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
06052685-n:
the branch of medicine that uses radioactive materials either to image a patient's body or to destroy diseased cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
06070503-n:
the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
06105609-n:
(biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms; proposed in 1838 by Matthias Schleiden and by Theodor Schwann
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
07332313-n:
(pathology) the spread of pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells to new sites in the body
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
07428111-n:
a loss of vitality and a degeneration of cells and tissues not due to any apparent injury
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
07428257-n:
(biology) degenerative reversion of cells or tissue to a less differentiated or more primitive form
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
07940242-n:
a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual by some kind of asexual reproduction
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
07996010-n:
(microbiology) a group of organisms grown from a single parent cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
08007204-n:
a family of fifty or more genes on the sixth human chromosome that code for proteins on the surfaces of cells and that play a role in the immune response
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
08457369-n:
the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
08657249-n:
one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
09399198-n:
(microbiology) a hypothetical infectious particle thought to be the cause of scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system; consists of nucleic acid in a protective coat of host cell proteins
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
09460516-n:
a vector for delivering genes into cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
09987045-n:
a biologist who studies the structure and function of cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
10928810-n:
United States biologist (born in Germany) who studied how viruses infect living cells (1906-1981)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11057925-n:
English scientist who formulated the law of elasticity and proposed a wave theory of light and formulated a theory of planetary motion and proposed the inverse square law of gravitational attraction and discovered the cellular structure of cork and introduced the term `cell' into biology and invented a balance spring for watches (1635-1703)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11077484-n:
French biochemist who (with Jacques Monod) studied regulatory processes in cells (born in 1920)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11129808-n:
Dutch pioneer microscopist who was among the first to recognize cells in animals and who gave the first accurate descriptions of microbes and spermatozoa and blood corpuscles (1632-1723)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11152544-n:
Italian anatomist who was the first to use a microscope to study anatomy and was among the first to recognize cells in animals (1628-1694)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11287734-n:
German physiologist and histologist who in 1838 and 1839 identified the cell as the basic structure of plant and animal tissue (1810-1882)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11326154-n:
Dutch naturalist and microscopist who proposed a classification of insects and who was among the first to recognize cells in animals and was the first to see red blood cells (1637-1680)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11367195-n:
German pathologist who recognized that all cells come from cells by binary fission and who emphasized cellular abnormalities in disease (1821-1902)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11390692-n:
English geneticist who succeeded in cloning a sheep from a cell from an adult ewe (born in 1944)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11443929-n:
the circulation of cytoplasm within a cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11466458-n:
condition in which the cells of one tissue can survive in the presence of cells of another tissue
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11486178-n:
(physiology) the normal degeneration and death of living cells (as in various epithelial cells)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11486381-n:
a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself; a cell suicide mechanism that enables metazoans to control cell number and eliminate cells that threaten the animal's survival
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11486708-n:
the localized death of living cells (as from infection or the interruption of blood supply)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11533212-n:
the fruiting body of a basidiomycete which bears its spores on special cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11533472-n:
an ascocarp having the spore-bearing layer of cells (the hymenium) on a broad disklike receptacle
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11541322-n:
family of erect mosses with club-shaped paraphyses and the hexagonal cells of the upper leaf surface; sometimes treated as a subfamily of Bryaceae
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11548594-n:
a small asexual spore that develops inside the cell of some bacteria and algae
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11550474-n:
spore-bearing layer of cells in certain fungi containing asci or basidia
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11688378-n:
primitive cell or group of cells from which a mother cell develops
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11688552-n:
a cell formed by the division or budding of another cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11688750-n:
cell from which another cell of an organism (usually of a different sort) develops
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
11688958-n:
cell from which a spore develops
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
12962622-n:
any of various small particles in the cytoplasm of the cells of plants and some animals containing pigments or starch or oil or protein
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
12994711-n:
special cell constituting the base of the basidium in various fungi especially of the order Tremellales
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13024967-n:
fungi having a zygote or a single cell developing directly into an ascus
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13092385-n:
one of a string of thick walled vegetative resting cells formed by some algae and fungi
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13093629-n:
cell or organ in which gametes develop
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13096317-n:
the primary tissue of higher plants composed of thin-walled cells that remain capable of cell division even when mature; constitutes the greater part of leaves, roots, the pulp of fruits, and the pith of stems
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13096677-n:
parenchyma whose cells contain chloroplasts
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13097338-n:
a formative one-cell layer of tissue between xylem and phloem in most vascular plants that is responsible for secondary growth
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13098853-n:
long tubular cell peculiar to xylem
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13099194-n:
tube formed by cells joined end-to-end through which nutrients flow in flowering plants and brown algae
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13126428-n:
thimble-shaped mass of cells covering and protecting the growing tip of a root
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13130885-n:
undifferentiated tissue from which new cells are formed, as at the tip of a stem or root
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13239921-n:
a plant spore formed by two similar sexual cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13428608-n:
a clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by antibodies (agglutinins)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13436503-n:
(physiology) processes that maintain a generally constant physiological state in a cell or organism
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13436682-n:
growth from increase in cell size without cell division
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13441154-n:
a slow kind of alcoholic fermentation at a temperature low enough that the yeast cells can sink to the bottom of the fermenting liquid; used in the production of lager
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13443709-n:
normal aging of cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13444703-n:
the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13454950-n:
the origin and development and variation of cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13455086-n:
pathological breakdown of cells by the destruction of their outer membrane
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13479169-n:
a metabolic process that breaks down ingested fats into fatty acids and glycerol and then into simpler compounds that can be used by cells of the body
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13481408-n:
reproduction of some unicellular organisms by division of the cell into two more or less equal parts
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13486671-n:
the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13501738-n:
(biology) growth in the surface area of a cell by the deposit of new particles between existing particles in the cell wall
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13504497-n:
organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13504739-n:
organic process consisting of the division of the nucleus of a cell during mitosis or meiosis
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13504947-n:
disintegration and dissolution of a cell nucleus when a cell dies
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13505249-n:
organic process by which keratin is deposited in cells and the cells become horny (as in nails and hair)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13509528-n:
(biochemistry) dissolution or destruction of cells such as blood cells or bacteria
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13514314-n:
the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13530989-n:
an enzymatic process in cell metabolism that synthesizes ATP from ADP
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13537761-n:
process by which certain cells can engulf and incorporate droplets of fluid
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13567627-n:
a violent kind of alcoholic fermentation at a temperature high enough to carry the yeast cells to the top of the fermenting liquid; used in the production of ale
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13568796-n:
(genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13583611-n:
the degree to which something is toxic to living cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
13825292-n:
the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide expired to the volume of oxygen consumed by an organism or cell in a given period of time
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14061462-n:
the state of having cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14061599-n:
the state of having abnormally many cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14061703-n:
the state of having abnormally few cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14067076-n:
(pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14170070-n:
autosomal recessive disease in which the degeneration of spinal nerve cells and brain nerve cells leads to atrophy of skeletal muscles and flaccid paralysis; death usually occurs in early childhood
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14193421-n:
blood disorder in which there is excess fluid volume compared with the cell volume of the blood
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14221601-n:
a breakdown of a cell layer in the epidermis (as in pemphigus)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14236130-n:
a common benign tumor of cartilage cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14236595-n:
a tumor composed of immature undifferentiated cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14238041-n:
benign slow-growing tumor of cartilaginous cells at the ends of tubular bones (especially in the hands and feet)
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14240262-n:
a rare malignant neoplasm arising from vascular tissue; usually occurs in the breast and skin and is believed to originate from the endothelial cells of blood vessels
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14240487-n:
a malignant neoplasm of cartilage cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14243393-n:
acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of immature lymphoblast-like cells in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and blood; most common in children
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14244003-n:
chronic leukemia characterized by lymphoblast-like cells; more common in older men
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14244353-n:
leukemia characterized by enlargement of lymphoid tissues and lymphocytic cells in the circulating blood
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14244542-n:
a form of lymphocytic leukemia in which the abnormal cells in the circulating blood are almost totally lymphoblasts
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14247035-n:
a cluster of malignant cells that has not yet invaded the deeper epithelial tissue or spread to other parts of the body
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14248256-n:
a tumor of the bone marrow (usually malignant) composed of cells normally found in bone marrow
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14249262-n:
any tumor derived from cells of the nervous system
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14250850-n:
malignant ocular tumor of retinal cells; usually occurs before the third year of life; composed of primitive small round retinal cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14251616-n:
highly malignant carcinoma composed of small round or egg-shaped cells with little cytoplasm; lung cancers are frequently oat cell carcinomas
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14269319-n:
the presence of an abnormal amount of cholesterol in the cells and plasma of the blood; associated with the risk of atherosclerosis
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14327543-n:
a painful recurring headache associated with the release of histamine from cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14365119-n:
spots before the eyes caused by opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor and lens
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14365950-n:
abnormal development (of organs or cells) or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14368805-n:
abnormal increase in number of cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14369064-n:
underdevelopment of an organ because of a decrease in the number of cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14369194-n:
loss of structural differentiation within a cell or group of cells often with increased capacity for multiplication, as in a malignant tumor
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14504558-n:
chrosomal abnormality in which there is one more than the normal number of chromosomes in a cell
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14568762-n:
(biology) the normal rigid state of fullness of a cell or blood vessel or capillary resulting from pressure of the contents against the wall or membrane
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14571028-n:
the condition in which an organism has two or more cell populations that differ in genetic makeup
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14649197-n:
a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14680040-n:
a yellow phospholipid essential for the metabolism of fats; found in egg yolk and in many plant and animal cells; used commercially as an emulsifier
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14707101-n:
(biochemistry) a nucleoside that is a structural component of nucleic acids; it is present in all living cells in a combined form as a constituent of DNA and RNA and ADP and ATP and AMP
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14728724-n:
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14732946-n:
any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14733941-n:
a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots; it forms a network that traps red cells and platelets
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14734348-n:
a protein that is involved in cell differentiation and growth
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14734905-n:
any of several substances found in the nuclei of all living cells; consists of a protein bound to a nucleic acid
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14737639-n:
enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14748765-n:
a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals, and activates the cells in male mammals that form sperm
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14792703-n:
an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14800539-n:
a coenzyme present in all living cells; essential to metabolism of carbohydrates and fats and some amino acids
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14823547-n:
(botany) outer tissue of bark; a protective layer of dead cells
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14828193-n:
any of various protein molecules secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14828396-n:
a substance that partly or completely destroys animal cells
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14830364-n:
(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14832193-n:
(biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14832770-n:
the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14833027-n:
ribonucleic acid found in the nucleolus of the cell
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14833143-n:
RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14869177-n:
a compound (such as ethanol or formaldehyde) that fixes tissues and cells for microscopic study
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14938907-n:
an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells (along with proteins and carbohydrates)
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14943950-n:
a cytokine secreted by helper T cells in response to stimulation by antigens and that acts on other cells of the immune system (as by activating macrophages)
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14962612-n:
a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; serves as a reductant in various metabolic processes
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14962837-n:
a coenzyme similar to NAD and present in most living cells but serves as a reductant in different metabolic processes
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
14964129-n:
(biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14973965-n:
a metabolic acid found in yeast and liver cells; used to make dyes and drugs and sun blockers
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Glosses
(rgloss)
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14987484-n:
a red fluorescent dye resulting from the action of bromine on fluorescein; used in cosmetics and as a biological stain for studying cell structures
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
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15034939-n:
any endotoxin or exotoxin formed in or elaborated by bacterial cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
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15035367-n:
any substance that has a toxic effect on cells
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
|
15035697-n:
a cytotoxin specific for the cells of the intestinal mucosa
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
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15068282-n:
an enzyme in eukaryotic cells that can add telomeres to the ends of chromosomes after they divide
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
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15082890-n:
any of several quinones found in living cells and that function as coenzymes that transfer electrons from one molecule to another in cell respiration
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
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15091846-n:
a B vitamin that is essential for cell growth and reproduction
|
Glosses
(rgloss)
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15106271-n:
a commercial leavening agent containing yeast cells; used to raise the dough in making bread and for fermenting beer or whiskey
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Glosses
(rgloss)
|
15106674-n:
a stringy slimy substance consisting of yeast cells and bacteria; forms during fermentation and is added to cider or wine to produce vinegar
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