matar
| sust. |
'matar, matarse, apagar, afligirse' , de etimología desconocida: no sirve el lat. MACTĀRE 'sacrificar' , pues resulta imposible fonéticamente (aún lo aceptan Battisti-Alessio DEI s.v. mattare; Bourciez § 183; G. de Diego Dicc. 4021; Entwistle Sp. lang. p. 68; Entwistle Las lenguas p. 93). También es imposible el persa MÂT > mate por razones históricas (lo aceptan REW 5401; C. Michaëlis Gloss. CA p. 53; Gamillscheg EWFS s.v. mat; Lokotsch 1443, etc.). Últimamente se piensa en un derivado de MATTUS 'estúpido, embrutecido' (Corominas DCELC III, 290-293; Bloch-Wartburg s.v. mat; cfr. FEW VI, 518b s.v. mattus ), de origen desconocido y que tampoco resulta demasiado aclaratorio. Formas: matar 47.2, 74.32, 91.13, 110.55, 143.37, 191.36 "que sse queria - cõ elles", 193.53 "de sse - ", 194.76, 200.44, 201.54 "que prol che tẽ de te - assy", 231.20, 233.14 (c. 142), 239.18, 240.30,32,41, 260.6, 272.34, 291.76, 299.13, 324.7, 370.6 (c. 225), 384.30, 385.11, 515.17-18, 550.35, 553.14 (c. 382), 554.34, 557.8, 564.35, 566.27, 581.21 "en - muytos touros", 635.10 (c. 433), 637.51,56, 677.14, 688.59, 789,13, 804.112, 870.39, 880.14, 899.41 (como sust. en 198.78 "et do - que en elles fezerõ" ), matarme 181.35, matarlo 274.70, matarlle 232.5, mataruos 193.40, matalo 273.66, 304.34, matalos 196.34, 536.13 "era - de fome", 567.17, 602.9-10; mataua 113.64, matauã 160.10, 471.24, 485.34, 508.35, 649.10 " - muytos touros" (id. 649.11), 738.11, 741.23, 753.31, 781.9, 782.32, 802.27 "se - ", 808.72, 850.5 (c. 585), 860.18, 869.5 (c. 609), 874.9 (c. 613), matauãlle 508.13, matauãnos 536.22; mataras 626.17, matara 76.5, 113.69, 120.30, 205.57, 232.36, 242.18, 287.46, 310.5, 311.11, 324.18, 386.21, 483.14, 506.11 (c. 341), 554.26, 654.11, 712.28, matarã 143.34, 199.7, 239.17, 273.49, 275.19, 358.11, 423.6; matey 106.32, matou 17.18,2, 19.38, 20.8, 21.43, 22.7 (c. 15), 31.9, 32.13,23, 33.12, 34.16, 39.22, 48.28, 49.45, 50.8, 53.19,21, 54.8, 57.50, 63.12, 73.2,8,11, 74.34, 75.1,10 (c. 52), 79.4, 94.54, 115.130, 122.16,7, 157.1, 161.2, 162.8, 165.35, 166.1 (c. 107), 186.96, 193.50, 199.92, 200.42, 205.50, 215.70, 219.33, 226.13, 237.21, 252.26,31, 259.30, 267.48, 275.1, 286.12, 300.17, 309.39, 316.2, 366.5, 367.22, 382.4, 385.10, 386.1, 399.1, 400.1, 431.13, 443.10 (c. 286) 475.9 (c. 313), 480.5, 505.2, 515.18, 540.5, 550.18,36, 553.9, 591.20, 605.28, 628.36, 710.1, 719.11,21,22 (2 v.), 721.10, 779.12, 802.36, 832.7 (c. 563), 849.10, 858.1 (c. 593), 900.42, 902.51, matoume 389.13, matoulle 221.10, 856.9, matoullj 209.40, 302.48, matouo 391.14 (c. 242), 411.11 (c. 261), matoo 273.50, 301.30, 310.7, 317.30, 318.46, 390.7, 411.14 (c. 261), 684.13, 695.16,26, 826.21, 859.15, 901.39, matoos 228.20, matamos 191.43, matastes 195.11,12, 403.8, 404.3 (c. 253), 591.13, matarõ 22.7 (c. 16), 23.11 (c. 16), 29.15, 37.39, 69.21, 72.27, 92.40, 115.125, 139.15,26, 140.35, 171.105, 193.52, 195.81,6, 197.49, 201.50, 206.9, 211.12, 225.11, 228.16, 231.16, 234.34, 238.33, 247.17, 248.22,36, 251.22, 254.8, 255.9,16, 258.22, 260.4, 265.1, 269.8, 271.1, 273.46,48,55, 277.5, 278.29, 322.56-57, 324.15,17, 351.12 "que se - ", 359.8, 405.27, 419.14, 426.26-27, 427.32,35, 441.14, 476.16, 483.13, 485.31,32, 497.20, 504.6 (c. 338), 511.21, 515.13, 567.21, 590.26, 650.14, 662.5, 699.13, 727.16, 755.29, 774.22, 776.22, 779.5, 780.25,26, 782.37-38,41, 784.36,38,6, 785.21, 786.32,33, 790.26,32, 793.8 (c. 540), 798.13, 803.58, 804.125, 835.9 (c. 566), 846.13, 855.2,7,11 (c. 588), 857.28, 860.8 (c. 596), 862.9 (c. 598),2 (c. 599), 865.12, 866.7 (c. 603), 868.13 (c. 607), 869.9 (c. 608), 970.35, 878.1, 879.5 (c. 617), 902.59, 903.95, matarom 11.10 (c. 7), 12.22, mataron 237.25, 478.1, 876.24-25, matarõlle 198.83, 247.15, 768.22, matarõllj 110.55, 479.2, 857.27 "os mouros... et - o fogo" ('apagar' ), mataronllj 684.14-15, mataronlljs 851.14 (c. 585), matarõllo 182.56, matarõsse 113.49, matarõna 662.11, matarono 265.10-11, matarõno 80.10-11, 135.38, 250.1, 254.72,2, 256.38, 260.18, 274.85, 278.28,29, 284.9, 479.22, 789.15, 902.51, matarõnos 218.23, 480.25, 780.25, 808.61; matarás 91.30, matará 227.20, matarm' a 529.19 (2 v.),20-21, matalos emos 272.43, mataredes 7.26, matarã 624.9; mataria ' yo' 188.47, 114.102, 108.93, 'él' 189.61-62, 225.9, 501.18, 544.11 (c. 374), 698.12, matalo ya 637.10, matariamos 236.68, matariã 90.33, 864.20, matariam 359.10 "que se - ", matarnos yam 456.36; mate 403.9 "vilã uos - ", 404.7, matade 42.80, 261.26, matadeo 371.21, 548.20-21; mate 550.20, matemos 191.41, 272.41, 600.16, matedes 274.78,78-79, 384.33, 423.29, 548.20, matẽ 197.62, 260.24, matem 114.87; matasse ' yo' 201.52 "que me - ", matasse(m) 204.30, matasse ' él' 273-274, 372.22, 505.20, 533.4 (c. 365), 804.114, matassemos 274.73, 602.14 "et nos - cõ eles", matassem 196.30, 531.11, 536.16, 684.19 (c. 469), 716.10-11, 741.30, 768.20, matassẽ 261.29, 272.38, 358.8, 413.8 (c. 264), 879.2 (c. 618), matasem 47.8, 354.23, 365.8, 367.3, matasẽ 318.6; matar 392.24,26 "se algũu dos Vco - ou vençer o caualeyro... se o caualeyro - ou vençer"; matando 30.17, 47.17, 99.20, 111.4-5, 115.128 "et - en elles", 162.9, 209.42, 269.9-10, 322.9, 354.22, 419.16, 428.15, 443.4, 540.7, 591.24, 662.22, 676.9, 699.14, 721.20, 751.19,22, 752.4,12,19, 781.14, 787.18, 857.31, 860.15, 870.38, 876.28, matãdo 6.33, 113.68, 229.9, 266.13, 345.16, 422.21, 440.26, 498.27, 511.16-17, 556.10,11, 567.8, 569.28, 592.43, 801.10, 802.21, 834.47, 855.11 (c. 589), 866.17, 870.22, matãdosse 609.3 "chorando et - cõ muy grã pesar", matãdollj 804.94. Como part. se usa MORTO. Se conocen formas desde el s. XI: a. 1055-1065 "et si mactauerit ceruum cum canibus aut in madeiro" (PMH Leges 346); a. 1130 "qui uicinum mactauerit et ad suam casam fugerit qui post illum intrauerit et ibi illum matauerit pectet D solidos" (id. 369); a. 1142 "qui mactauerit hominem in uilla" (id. 376); a. 1162 "et in sua casa illum matar" (id. 390), etc.; CSM 5.66 "mandoua matar", cfr. 332.2 "levantousse fogo de noite e matoo a omage de Santa Maria" ('apagar, extinguir' ), etc. En los Cancioneros es frecuente la acepción 'afligir, afligirse' . Ejs. y acepciones en Morais y E. Rodríguez (también Machado Gloss. CBN, 364, 365 y C. Michaëlis, Gloss. CA p. 53). En cast. desde el s. X. |
morto matar
| part. |
'muerto, matado' , de MŎRTŬUS (REW 5695). Funciona como part. de MORRER y MATAR, como adj. y sust. Formas: morta 150.6 "iouue por - ", 167.13 "ante seer - ca", 232.35 "caeu logo - ", 273.57 "semellaua mays - ca viua", 609.4 "era mais - ca uiua", mortas 598.46,52 "ficarõ com̃o por - ... por - as leixauã" (id. 624.7), 606.44 "uos diserã que erã - ", 607.4 "com̃o se as teuessem - deante" (id. 610.35), morto 34.17 "quando uirõ seu cabedel - ", 43.2 "deullo - ", 45.50 "et uyo - " (id. 103.75), 65.4 (c. 44) " - el rrey" (id. 119.24, 269.3, 899.10), 103.78-79 "hu jazia - " (id. 112.47), 105.1 "et achouo - " (id. 254.77), 148.53 " - ou preso" (id. 219.21, 354.27, 366.7, 496.19, 522.3), 150.4 "com̃o se o teuessem - ", 182.63 "de panos com̃o para - ", 249.11 "o leixarõ por - ", 254.73 " - o leixauã", 274.91 "sequer - ", 427.39 "hũu alguazil mouro que andaua - por prender a don A. F.", 436.5 " - nẽ viuo" (id. 687.50, 804.119, 901.30), 535.16 "et deitauase - con fome", 666.47 "semellaua viuo mays ca - ", 672.31 "ssemellaua - ", 878.19 (c. 616 'matado' ), 99.15 "caeu... en terra - daquella lançada" (id. 110.53, 112.46, 113.76, 178.62, 200.33, 427.40, 591.8,17, 713.14), 103.74 "deu cõ el do cauallo - en terra" (id. 191.33, 199.91, 215.69, 626.16, 710.10), 227.23 "de que el coydou a seer - ", 396.9 "dizẽ que e - " (id. 710.11), 389.13 "bem creo que soo - ", 45.53 "uos sodes - ", en 5.8, 18.10, 24.11, 27.13, 44.37, 50.21, 80.12, 100.23,4, 105.19, 110.54, 195.80, 213.26, 226.12, 235.41, 241.48, 254.7, 387.25, 390.46, 392.5, 393.18, 394.44, 638.9, 640.10, 664.25, 666.51, 685.39, 770.25, 789.2, 793.2, 813.227,239, 826.26,3, y 830.8 "era - " ('había o estaba muerto' ), en 18.8, 28.34, 64.2, 66.28, 67.7, 75.2, 79.9-10, 80.3,16, 100.2, 119.3, 124.45, 163.3, 203.3, 219.25, 220.49, 224.3, 225.6 (c. 136), 252.28, 264.26, 284.6, 285.2 (c. 168), 294.3, 303.2,21, 321.45, 390.42, 506.2-3, 542.18, 687.47, 710.17, 759.14, 802.31, 813.231 (y 901.20) "foy - ", 399.7 "que fora - " ('matar' ), 655.17 "seendo - ", 100.25 "ca - auja el rey" ('matado' , id. 237.22 y 864.4 con aujã ), 864.27 "ca certamẽte ouuerao - ou leuado" ('matado' ), 273.51 "ouuo - " (id. 317.30, 720.44 'matado' ), 273.54 "ouuerõ - " ('matado' ), mortos 33.18, 115.130, 116.144, 544.9 (c. 375), 592.30 y 664.35 "os - ", 391.18 "aos - ", 116.141 "de leuar - a uossos lugares", 188.43 "por - ", 238.27 "uio dos seus todoslos mays - " (id. 291.77), 321.49 "ficarõ... - et catiuos" (id. 662.26), 444.22, 482.23 "ficariã com̃o - ", 520.14 "asi com̃o - ", 635.10 (c. 432) "uiuos nẽ - ca - podemos seer mais nõ uençudos", 781.17 "ontre - et catiuos" (id. 787.19, 855.10-11), 802.30 "os hũus - ", 69.19 "de mouros - " (id. 197.47, 511.17-18, 664.37, 752.9, 802.23, 838.10, 846.14), 102.65 "de omẽes - " (id. 110.61, 146.19, 194.54, 756.12), 273.64 "caualeiros - ", 593.48 "os outros - ", 706.7 "muytos - ", 50.9 "coydarõ a seer - ", 428.23 "com̃o quer que elles som - ", 113.55 "erã - ", 498.3 "com̃o erã presos... et os outros - ", 340.28 "foy... preso... et outros moytos - " (id. 863.36), 66.23 "todos forom - a espada" (id. 162.18, 175.19, 199.96, 213.18, 446.3, 569.18, 592.29, 740.7, 758.18), 89.31 "se... nos vençẽ seeremos todos - ", 879.26 "forã - ou presos", 53.15 "ouve y muytos - " (id. 111.8, 768.15), 436.14 "ouue y moytos mouros - " (id. 486.19, 750.18), 233.6 "que asi lles aujã - muytos dos seus", 113.59 "ca os ouuerã - ou presos", 185.57 "poys que estes ouuerdes - ". El uso como part. de matar lo indica Corominas DCELC (III, 442) en varios puntos de la Romania. En gall.-port., como en cast., se usa desde la época más ant.: a. 1262 "se alguem a uossa villa uener filhar comeres ou outras cousas per força e y morto for ou ferido" (Portel p. 140). Cfr. Pires Notas gram. e lexic. (RP VIII, 214). La palabra se documenta desde el s. XII: a. 1107 "et de alia parte de incruciliadas in Egua Morta" (Doc. Med. Port. III, 214); a. 1214 "e ssi eu for morto" (Test. Afonso II, 258); CSM 5.96,97 "pois desta guisa pres mort'o menỹo... a santa dona que o sentiu morto", 45.23 "e mui mais morta ca viua", etc. Más documentactón en Morais y E. Rodríguez. |